Magnificence or Munificence – has the same nature as generosity but applies to large public expenditures. The tendency to accept too much and give too little is stinginess. The tendency to give in excess and accept too little is spendthriftiness or prodigality. Generosity or Liberality – is moderation in the size of the gifts one is prone to give or accept. Deficiency has no common name, but may be labeled “insensitivity.” Temperance – is moderation in the desire for physical pleasures. Deficiency of fear and excess of confidence produce rashness or foolhardiness. Excess in the propensity to fear combined with deficiency in the propensity to be confident constitutes cowardice. Consequently, I begin with narrative descriptions of each virtue.Ĭourage – is moderation in the tendencies to feel fear and boldness or confidence. While it is helpful to see Aristotle’s list of virtues and vices laid out schematically, some of these are complicated enough that the abbreviated descriptions that fit on a chart are misleading.
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